Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage ("national heritage" or
simple inheritance) is the bequest of natural objects (cultural property) and
intangible characteristics of a group or society that have been bequeathed by
the older generations and are preserved in the present while, at the same time,
to benefit next generations. The term Cultural Heritage includes tangible
civilization (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art and
evidence), intangible civilization (such as folklore, traditions, language and
knowledge) and the "natural" heritage, major cultural landscapes and
biodiversity. The cultural heritage is unique and irreplaceable, which places
the modern civilization under the responsibility of preserving and preserving
it. Smaller objects such
as works of art and
other cultural masterpieces are collected from museums and galleries. As part
of this preservation of the cultural reserve, successful efforts have been made
to preserve the "future heritage" of many nations. Folk organizations
and political groups such as UNESCO have successfully obtained the necessary
support for this project.
Ethics and principles (reasoning or logic) of
cultural preservation
Objects are a branch of the study of human history. A
simple object can provide a certain idea of ideas and, at the same time, its
existence to validate it. Through the preservation of objects it is clear the
recognition of the need of the past and more the need to transmit its history.
In the book "The Past Is a Foreign Country," David Lowenthal observes
that the preserved objects validate memories (Digital acquisition techniques).
Digital acquisition techniques can provide a technological solution in which
the object acquires the corresponding shape and appearance of original
masterpieces with unprecedented accuracy in the evolution of human history.
Classical cultures,
especially the Indian, attach great value to preserving tradition. In the
context of this belief, social institutions, scientific knowledge and
technological applications must use their "heritage" as a
qualification.
Speaking in a more
modern language, we could say that the ancient Indians considered social
qualities, economic privileges (such as natural resources and exploited real
estate) as well as factors that promote social integration
(such as institutions
to maintain knowledge and for the maintenance of the social hierarchy and
class). Based on the rules of Ethics, everything that has been inherited should
not be consumed; instead it must be bequeathed again, possibly enriched by
successive generations. This was a moral imperative for all. What is regarded
as a "cultural heritage" by one generation is likely to be rejected
by the next, so that it can be revived again by the next.
Types of Heritage
Cultural
Property
Buildings and historical places, monuments,
books, documents, works of art, machines, clothing and other items considered
to be worthwhile to preserve over time. Objects of major importance for the
fields of archeology, science, architecture or technology
of a particular
culture.
The cultural property
is divided into :
• Museology
• Archiving / Archival
Science
• Maintenance and
Rehabilitation
•Art restoration
• Architectural
maintenance
• Safeguard
cinematographic files
• Conservation of audio
archive material
• Digital preservation
Intangible
Culture
The Intangible Cultural Heritage consists of
the non-palpable features of a particular culture, which are often preserved by
social customs during a particular historical period. The ways and means of
behavior of a society and the frequent formal rules of operation in a
particular cultural climate, such as social values and traditions, customs
and practices, aesthetic and spiritual perceptions, artistic expression,
language, as well as other aspects of human cultural activity. Maintaining
intangible heritage is more difficult than maintaining natural / tangible
objects. Besides, the importance of natural objects can be interpreted against
the background of the socio-economic, political, religious and philosophical
values of a particular group of people.
The Intangible culture
is divided into :
• Folklore
• Oral History
• Preservation of the
language
Natural
Heritage
"Natural Heritage" is an important
part of "Heritage" of the society in question. Embracing the outdoors,
the natural environment such as flora and fauna, scientifically known under the
term "biodiversity" as well as geological elements including
mineralogy, paleontology, with the scientific concept of " geological
diversity ". Natural bequests serve, as an important component, the
tourism industry of each country attracting many visitors from abroad, both
elsewhere and locally. The heritage includes cultural landscapes (physical
features with cultural traits).
The Natural Heritage is
divided into :
• Ethnobotanology
• Conservation of rare
breeds
The Global Action for "Heritage"
Indicative and important event of global activity for the
preservation of cultural heritage, is the Conference on the protection of world
cultural and Natural Heritage adopted by the UNESCO General Conference in 1972.
The 2011 lists 936 World Heritage locations, 725 cultural, 183 Physical and 28
Mixed Properties in 153 countries. Each of these points is considered important
in the international community. The "underwater" heritage is under
the auspices of the UNESCO Council for the Protection of Underwater Cultural
Heritage. This contract is a legitimate means of helping States Parties improve
the effort of Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection. Additionally, UNESCO has
set aside masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of mankind.
